Nearly 95% of all titanium is refined into one particular compound, TiO_2. Titanium dioxide is an opaque, intensely white permanent pigment that is chemically inert, resists fading, and that has a high index of refraction and an optical dispersion rate higher than diamonds. TiO₂ is ubiquitous; it’s used in paints, plastics, toothpaste, gemstones, cement, paper, sunscreens…the list goes on and on.

What happens when titanium compounds like TiO2 and TiC (titanium carbide) are broken down into nanoparticles?

• In the case of TiO₂, unusual optical properties appear, such as high UV absorption, high transparency to visible light, and iridescence. These properties lend themselves well to many market applications, including pearlescent paints, cosmetics, coatings, inks, toners, and plastics. In addition, TiO2 nanoparticles also exhibit antimicrobial properties, suggesting their use in medical and germicidal applications.
• TiC nanoparticles are excellent conductors, resistant to wear and corrosion, and are chemically inert. TiC is used in the manufacturing of wear-resistant tools, in a variety of optics applications, as a nucleating agent, and as an additive that enhances conductivity.

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